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| Cleft lip is a medical condition that can be easily corrected. The cleft is a separation in the lip of the mouth. Cleft palate is a separation in the top of the mouth or the soft tissue at the back. |
| Clefts usually develop in the early weeks of pregnancy. Males have the condition more often than females. And it is more common in some groups, including Asian and Latin American children. |
| Researchers believe the condition involves genetic and environmental causes. Things like sickness, smoking or drug use, including alcohol use, during pregnancy may increase the risk. |
| A simple operation can repair the problem. Doctors say that without treatment, children in developing nations are more likely to suffer a life of poor nutrition and social rejection. |
| The Smile Train is an organization based in the United States. It provides local doctors in developing countries with training and equipment to perform cleft operations. The Smile Train has established programs in more than fifty countries. |
| Last month, it announced plans to expand its program in China. The group currently works with one hundred thirty-five hospitals there. It plans to double that number over the next eighteen months. Former President George H.W. Bush is one of the supporters of the group. He was at the announcement in Beijing. |
| The Smile Train began in nineteen ninety-nine. Each year it provides free cleft operations to more than one hundred forty-five thousand children around the world. Local doctors do the operations, which take as little as forty-five minutes. |
| The Smile Train says the operations cost an average of about two hundred fifty dollars to perform. The group collects money through gifts to pay for them. A spokeswoman says one hundred percent of all the money given is used to help children. She says supporters pay the program costs. |
| Internet users can learn more details at smiletrain-dot-o-r-g. |
| The Web site lists a new telephone number for poor Chinese families to call to sign up for a free cleft operation. The group says it guarantees that every poor child in China who needs cleft surgery can receive it for free at one of the hospitals in the program. |
VOCABULARY
| Word | Synonyms | Antonyms | Meaning | Example |
| Cleft lip | Harelip, Lip fissure | Normal lip, Unblemished lip | A separation or gap in the upper lip, often present from birth | Cleft lip is a medical condition that can be corrected through a simple operation, usually performed in early childhood. |
| Cleft palate | Palatal fissure, Palatal cleft | Whole palate, Unimpaired | A gap or opening in the roof of the mouth, caused by the failure of the palate to close during the early development | Cleft palate is another condition that may require a surgical procedure to correct, and it can affect a child’s ability to eat and speak. |
| Development | Progress, Advancement | Regression, Stagnation | The process of growing or improving | The Smile Train organization aims to support the development of local doctors in developing countries to perform cleft operations. |
| Nutrition | Nourishment, Dietary intake | Malnutrition, Starvation | The process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth | Without treatment, children with cleft conditions in developing nations are more likely to suffer from poor nutrition. |
| Rejection | Repudiation, Exclusion | Acceptance, Inclusion | The action of pushing someone or something away | Untreated cleft conditions may lead to social rejection, affecting the child’s quality of life. |
| Operation | Surgical procedure, Medical surgery | Inaction, Idleness | A medical procedure performed to treat a condition or disease | The Smile Train provides local doctors with training and equipment to perform cleft operations in developing countries. |
| Expansion | Growth, Increase | Contraction, Reduction | The action of becoming larger or more extensive | The Smile Train announced plans to expand its cleft surgery program in China, doubling the number of hospitals it works with. |
| Announcement | Declaration, Proclamation | Concealment, Silence | A public or formal statement declaring a fact, decision, or intention | Former President George H.W. Bush was present at the announcement of the Smile Train’s plans to expand its program in China. |
| Supporter | Advocate, Backer | Opponent, Critic | A person who approves of and encourages someone or something | Former President George H.W. Bush is one of the supporters of the Smile Train organization. |
| Operation cost | Surgical expense, Treatment cost | Savings, Economy | The total expenses associated with a medical procedure | The Smile Train reports that the average cost of cleft operations is about two hundred fifty dollars. |
| Collection | Gathering, Accumulation | Distribution, Dispersal | The action or process of collecting something | The Smile Train collects money through gifts to fund free cleft operations for children around the world. |
| Guarantee | Assurance, Pledge | Uncertainty, Doubt | A formal promise or assurance | The Smile Train guarantees that every poor child in China who needs cleft surgery can receive it for free through its program. |
| Web site | Website, Online platform | Offline platform, Physical site | A location connected to the internet that maintains one or more pages on the World Wide Web | Internet users can learn more details about the Smile Train’s mission and programs on its official website at smiletrain.org. |